How to Negotiate Your Salary (Step-by-Step Guide for Any Career Stage)
How to Negotiate Your Salary: A Step-by-Step Guide
Most people leave money on the table their entire career because they never negotiate. The fear of seeming greedy or offending a potential employer keeps people from asking for what they're worth.
The cost: not negotiating a $60,000 starting salary could cost you $500,000+ over a 40-year career, assuming typical annual raises compound on a lower base.
Negotiating is normal, professional, and expected. Employers build negotiation room into their initial offers. Here's how to do it.
The Psychology of Negotiation (and Why You Should Always Try)
A 2014 Carnegie Mellon study found that 37% of people never negotiate salary. Of those who do negotiate, the average gain is 13.3%.
Why don't more people negotiate? Fear: of seeming greedy, damaging the relationship, or getting the offer rescinded.
Reality: Rescinded offers for counter-negotiating are extraordinarily rare. Employers don't withdraw an offer because a candidate asked professionally for more. They'd lose the hire and have to start over — which is expensive.
Step 1: Research Market Rate Before You Name a Number
The most common negotiation mistake is anchoring too low because of inadequate research.
Sources:
- LinkedIn Salary: Shows salary ranges by job title, location, and experience level
- Glassdoor: Self-reported salaries, often with company-specific data
- levels.fyi: Best for tech roles, shows total compensation including equity/bonus
- Payscale: Personalized salary reports based on your background
- Bureau of Labor Statistics: Free, reliable, but often lags market rates
- Offer Letters from interviews: If you're interviewing multiple places, you'll naturally gather data
What you're looking for:
- The median salary for your role, level, and location
- The realistic range (25th to 75th percentile)
- How total compensation differs from base (bonus, equity, benefits)
Build your target around the 75th percentile of the range for your experience level. That's your goal. The 50th percentile is your floor.
Step 2: Know Your Total Compensation Picture
Base salary is one component. Before negotiating, understand:
- Annual bonus: Is it guaranteed or discretionary? What's the typical range?
- Equity/RSUs: Especially important in tech. What's the vesting schedule? What's the strike price?
- Benefits value: Health insurance quality varies enormously. A plan with a $500 deductible vs. a $3,000 deductible is worth $2,500/year in expected value.
- Retirement matching: 4% 401k match on a $70K salary is worth $2,800/year.
- PTO: Extra vacation days have real monetary value.
- Remote work flexibility: Commuting 2 hours/day has a real cost.
A $75,000 offer with full benefits, remote work, and 3% 401k match may be worth more than an $85,000 offer with bad health insurance and expensive commuting.
Step 3: Know Your Walk-Away Point
Before you negotiate, decide: what's the minimum you'd accept?
This should be based on:
- Your current compensation
- Your researched market rate
- Your financial needs
- Your alternatives (other offers, job security)
Having a clear floor prevents you from being pressured into accepting too little.
Step 4: Let Them Name a Number First (When Possible)
Whoever names a number first anchors the negotiation. If you can avoid it:
If asked for salary expectations: "I'm still learning about the role. I'd love to understand the full scope before discussing compensation — could you share the range for this position?"
In many states, employers can't ask for your salary history. If they ask what you currently make, you can decline in those states.
Step 5: Responding to an Offer
When an offer comes in, don't respond immediately. It's entirely normal to say:
"Thank you — I'm very excited about this opportunity. Can I have 24–48 hours to review?"
Then review everything (base, bonus, benefits, equity, start date) and prepare your counter.
Step 6: The Actual Counter
A professional counter sounds like:
"I'm very excited about this role and [Company]. Based on my research and the experience I bring, I was expecting something closer to [$X]. Is there flexibility?"
That's it. Then stop talking. Silence is powerful — let them respond.
Key elements:
- Affirm your interest (you want them to know you're serious about the role)
- State your ask specifically
- Briefly justify with evidence (research, experience)
- Ask as a question, not a demand
- Don't apologize or over-explain
Counter to the top of their range (or slightly above): You'll often land at a compromise, so start higher than your target.
Step 7: If They Can't Move on Base
When base is fixed (common in government jobs, unions, some large employers with rigid pay bands), negotiate everything else:
- Signing bonus (one-time, often easier to approve)
- Earlier performance review date (6 months instead of 12)
- Additional PTO
- Remote work days
- Professional development budget
- Earlier start date for equity vesting
"I understand the base is fixed. Is there flexibility on the signing bonus or an earlier performance review at 6 months?"
Common Mistakes
Giving a number first when asked: Deflect if possible. "I'd love to understand the full role first."
Apologizing for asking: "I'm sorry to ask this, but..." signals weakness and makes the other person feel like they're doing you a favor.
Justifying with personal financial needs: "I need $X because my rent is $Y" is irrelevant to your market value. Base your ask on market data and what you bring, not what you need.
Accepting the first offer: This signals that your ask was too low. Very few first offers are truly final.
Burning bridges over small differences: If the final number is close to your target, consider whether pushing further is worth the relationship cost. Sometimes it is; sometimes it isn't.
Salary Negotiation in Practice: Example
Offer: $72,000 base, $5,000 signing bonus, 5% annual bonus, 401k match 3% Market research: $80,000–90,000 median for similar roles in your area Your target: $82,000 Your floor: $75,000
Counter:
"I'm really excited about this opportunity. Based on my research for this role in [city], I was expecting compensation closer to $85,000. Is there flexibility in the base?"
They come back: "$77,000 is the maximum for this band."
You: "I appreciate you going back on that. Given the base, is there room to increase the signing bonus to $8,000? That would help bridge the gap."
They agree: Total comp improved by ~$9,000 over the initial offer.
The Lifetime Impact
Every dollar of base salary you negotiate compounds over time through future raises, promotions, and any role where your previous salary is considered.
A $5,000 increase at age 25, with 3% annual raises, compounds to roughly $300,000 in additional lifetime earnings. That's why this conversation — uncomfortable for 10 minutes — is one of the highest-return hours you'll spend on your finances.